Allyl bromide (1-bromoprop-2-ene, 3-Bromopropene or 2-Propenyl bromide) is an organic halide. It is an alkylating agent used in synthesis of polymers, pharmaceuticals, allyls and other organic compounds. Physically, 1-bromoprop-2-ene is a clear liquid with an intense, acrid, and persistent smell. In addition, allylzinc bromide may be produced by treating this compound with elemental zinc. Unlike most organometallic reagents, which are pyrophoric in air and destroyed by water, allylzinc bromide is stable in aqueous solvents and can attack aldehydes in a Barbier-type reaction, leading to carbon-carbon bond formation.
Dielectric study of 3-Bromopropene(CAS:106-95-6), formamide and their binary mixtures have been carried out over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 20 GHz at temperatures 288 K, 298 K, 308 K and 318 K using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) for 11 different concentrations. Static dielectric constant, relaxation time, Kirkwood correlation factor, Excess parameters were estimated information regarding the molecular structure and dynamics of the mixture are also discussed. The values of static dielectric constant and relaxation time increases with increase in concentration of formamide in allyl bromide.
The Bruggeman plots show a non-linearity of the curves for all the concentrations and all temperatures indicating the heterointeraction which may be due to hydrogen bonding of the -NH2 group of formamide with C-Br group of allyl bromide. The excess inverse relaxation time values are negative for all the concentrations and all temperatures indicating that the solute-solvent interaction hinders the rotation of the dipoles of the system. Kirkwood correlation factor increases as the concentration of formamide increases which confirms the intermolecular interaction through hydrogen bonding in the system.
Allyl bromide’s use in the synthesis of other allyl compounds and as a contact poison could result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It should have very high mobility in soil. Volatilization of 3-Bromopropene is expected from both moist and dry soils. In water, the chemical is expected to volatilize rapidly with estimated half-lives of 3.3 hours and 4.38 days from a model river and a model lake, respectively. Hydrolysis of 3-Bromopropene is expected to be an important fate process with an experimental half-life of 12 hours. The water solubility of 3835 mg/l indicates that bioconcentration and adsorption to sediment are not expected to be important in aquatic systems.
Biodegradation of allyl bromide may be an important fate process in both soil and aquatic conditions based on a BOD dilution test. It will exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. If released to the atmosphere, it will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of approximately 19 hours. It will also react with atmospheric ozone with estimated half-life of 7.28 days. Removal of 1-bromoprop-2-ene from the atmosphere can occur though wet deposition. Exposure to the organic can occur through dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion.
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