Enrofloxacin(C19H22FN3O3), the brand name Baytril, is a prescription medication for dogs and cats. Its high absorption and quick action make it one of the most prescribed canine and feline antibiotics.Veterinarians prescribe this drug for the treatment of a number of infections caused by bacteria.
History
First synthesized in 1980, Bayer’s Baytril is a broad spectrum quinolone antibiotic used in both cats and dogs, and off-label in some other small animals. It treats infections of the genito-urinary and respiratory tracts. It’s also effective against a range of bacteria associated with skin infections. The drug is manufactured both as an injectable and in three strengths of flavored tablets for once-daily administration.
Andiministration
Tablets are available in 22.7-, 68- and 136-milligram strengths. The usual dose for dogs is 5 milligrams to 20 milligrams/2.2 pounds of weight, depending on the severity of the infection. Cats get 5 milligrams/.2 pounds of weight. Continue treatment for 48 to 72 hours after symptoms have subsided.
A vet normally administers the first Baytril dose by injection. The pet owner then gives his dog or cat these tablets in the appropriate dosage once a day for between five and 10 days. The tablets work best on an empty stomach, so give them at least one hour before feeding.
Function
Enrofloxacin eliminates urinary tract infections when the kidneys excrete it in urine, where it can kill bacteria in the urinary tract. It also accumulates in inflamed prostate tissue to fight infection.
Baytril works against respiratory infections by inhibiting production of the enzyme gyrase, essential for bacterial replication. Even small accumulations in the respiratory tissue and fluids are effective. Because it penetrates pulmonary and bronchial tissues quickly, Baytril is very useful in controlling pneumonia and bronchitis.
Enrofloxacin fights skin infections of bacteria commonly found on dogs and cats. These bacteria sometimes colonize in folds of skin where moisture collects, causing inflammation and infection. The medication concentrates in these inflamed tissues and kills them.
Side Effects
Enrofloxacin(CAS number 93106-60-6) dosage in cats is limited to 5 milligrams/2.2 pounds of weight because at higher dosages it’s known to cause retinal damage and even blindness. Dr. Isable Jurk, DVM, of the Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, reports that in one instance a cat receiving only 4.6 milligrams/2.2 pounds went blind. Retinal damage and blindness can occur with as little as one or two doses.
Baytril causes cartilage erosion in young dogs between the ages of 6 weeks and 12 months. Less serious side effects include vomiting and diarrhea, but only in dogs given doses far above the recommended amounts.
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